MULTIMEDIA

The previous of windows and DOS were not designed to support multimedia, therefore the multimedia presentations were either not running very slowly. With Windows 95, things are improved as it supports multimedia at the base level, as discussed below;

• Multimedia presentation require more than one media, and Windows 95 is a 32 bit, Multitasking and multithreading operating system. This assure plating more than one media smoothly and more responsive to user interaction.
• During installation procedure of Windows 95, it automatically detects and configures itself for multimedia devces.
• Windows 95 allows you to create compounded documents that include sound, video, graphics, charts, pictures, and other elements from various applications.
• A new CD-Rom file system in Windows 95 improves CD-Rom performance. 

Multimedia types;

The different media types are either audio or visual. Multimedia information is stored in sound, video, or MIDI file format.

Audio;

Recording and playing back sound were the first multimedia application fro personal computers. With the help of installed sound card, you could record a voice, store it in file on disk and play back the same sound on another computer. Music and sound can be recorded for computer generated presentation.

WAVE audio- Actual sound waves are recorded and converted to digital data;

MIDI Audio- It is the recording of keystrokes or other actions that direct synthesis and the MIDI compactable electronic Music devices to generate sound. Thus these files are similar in size.

Videos:

This media includes the following files;

Animation-The first thing that comes in mind are the animation movies like jungle book. Animation is the images that move on the screen. The animation movies include these kinds of images and sound.

Video-The videos pictures can be recorded from cameras or laser discs into a computer and store it on the disk. To capture High quality video and store it efficiently these files needed to be compressed.

COMPUTER VIRUS

The evolution of virus;

The concept of virus dates back to 1949, when John von meumann submitted a paper putting forward the concept of a “Self Replicating” program; the idea seemed impossible and was dropped. Subsequently, the first virus like program appeared in the form of a recreational game called “CODE-WARS” at the bell labs of American telephone and Telegraphy Company. In “CODE-WARS” two players were to code a set of program that would destroy the other players programs. Concurrently at Massachusetts institute of technology, students were carrying out experiments with computer, which no body had ever tried.

Classification of Virus;

Viruses are classified on the basis of their mode of existence and there are three categories of viruses;

1. BOOT infectors.

1. SYSTEM infectors.

1. GENERAL EXECUTABLE PROGRAME infectors.

BOOT infectors;

As the name suggest, they are characterized by the fact that they physically reside in the boot sector [0(Zero)] sector of the disk. A system infected by such a virus will have the virus residing in a particular area of the disk rather than in a program file. These viruses get loaded soon after the power on self test and control the system and remains in control at all times. They sometimes have the capability to trap soft booting (i.e. CTRL ALT DEL) and remain in control even if the system is booted from a non-infected floppy, thereby contemning the clean floppy.

SYSTEM infectors;

This second category of viruses deals with the components of the system itself. All machines without exception require an operating system in order to create an environment in which the operator works. In MS-Dos, Command.com contains all not loaded onto the memory when the machine is booted. The system infectors attach themselves to a file such as COMMAND.Com or other memory resident files and manipulate these files.

GENERAL .COM or .EXE Infectors;

From the infection point of view, these viruses are most dangerous and devastating of the three classes of viruses. They attach themselves to program files and can spread to almost any executable program in any system. These viruses change the original program instructions into a Jump to its own code and follow that code with a return to the original program. As a result, whenever the program is executed, the viruses get loaded and executed first and then allow the original program to proceed. It remains memory resident and infects each and every program that is loaded for execution.

Cryptography: A brief history

In the current scenario of computer usage that predict is that network are likely to be present everywhere, security has become much talked about issue. Especially with the relatively easy access to the internet the confidence in the sanctity of the data is a major concern.

However the science of cryptology is at least 4,000 years old. Cryptology is defined as the design and analysis of codes and cipher’s. In the first 3,000 years, cryptology was developed independently in several ancient cultures including Egypt India and Mesopotamia. Perhaps the oldest evidence of cryptology is an ancient inscription, carved about 1900 BC in the main chamber of an Egyptian tomb. It used some unusual hieroglyphic symbols in place of more ordinary symbols.

Plain:               ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

Cipher:            DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABC

Using this system the secret message “ZHOFRPH WR WKH FRPSXWHU FRXUVH” would actually mean “welcome to the computer course”. There were of course other systems developed around the similar time in the history which includes approach such as:

·        Writing secret message backwards.

·        Writing message vertically rather than horizontally.

·        Substituting dots for vowels.

·        Substituting special symbol for normal of alphabets.

A Caesar type encryption mechanism can be easily is detected by trying all possible displacements till the message becomes meaningful.

Cryptography is the process of transforming plain text or original information into an unintelligible form so that it may be sent over unsafe channels of communication.

Cipher systems

1.  
   • Transportation cipher

1.  
   • Code cipher……

Here is the theory of human values free from the atmosphere of any single religion. It is perfectly secular theory in as much as it does not involve belief in any particular religion in order to parties it. This theory of education should find wide acceptance. It can be the basis of academic as well as moral and spiritual education. The theory gives a certain world view. This worldview is not theological, nor is it scientific. It is partly humanistic and partly mystical in that it accepts the existence of an entity which figures in ancient Indian Psychology-the soul.

The theory of education as it generally practiced today is summed up in five simple words. The first one is Knowledge. It is knowledge for its own sake that our universities aim at giving to students. Knowledge is truth, which is intellectually apprehended. Skill, the second word,

Is one of the main concepts in education? Skill has many facets of its own. It may extend from skill in attending to personal behavior. It is really an ethical skill in one own personal. This is one of the choicest gifts that education has to give. It helps us to steer clear of all controversies and arrive at a synthesis or conciliation of opposites. It is a good sign of culture of a person that he has this balance and that he bring together are reconcile different points of view. Unhealthy and harmful feelings are eliminated, refined are sublimated. The education or cultured man always maintains his balance even in the midst of stress and strain.

1. Self-help skills: the child has to learn how to brush his teeth and dress cleanly. The nature of body-care, for example, goes on changing with each stage of life.

1. Social skills: beginning as skills concerned with a certain kind of behavior in the classroom and on the road, committee-work in school and college, some administration work as in the running of gymkhana department.

1. classroom and subject skills : another kind of skills has also to be continuously developed, civilization of memory and cultivating the skill reverent to the mastery of a subject.